Karst topography is extensively distributed throughout the southwestern part of China, posing considerable challenges to the safety and stability of building foundations and overall structural integrity. The unique geomorphological features associated with karst, such as sinkholes, underground rivers, and caves, greatly increase the geological uncertainties and risks during engineering construction. As a result, the infrastructure projects are highly vulnerable to subsidence, collapse, and other karst-related hazards, which may lead to serious safety incidents and significant economic losses. It is imperative to strengthen karst geological surveys and improve detection accuracy to thoroughly ascertain the distribution patterns and developmental characteristics of karst formations. By employing advanced investigation techniques and detailed data analysis, engineers can more accurately assess karst conditions and evaluate their influence on pile foundation design and construction. This includes potential adverse effects such as uneven bearing strata, groundwater erosion, and cave roof instability. The reasonable and adaptive recommendations for selecting foundation types and construction techniques can be proposed. This will provide a scientific basis for engineering design and risk mitigation, ensuring the safety, stability, and sustainability of structures in karst-affected regions.