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Open Access Review Article

Effects of temperature, water content, hydraulic pressure, stress level and damage on rock creep and the prolonged stability of deep underground structures

by Wadslin Frenelus 1,*  and  Hui Peng 1
1
Department of Hydraulic Engineering, College of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang City, 443002, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
RML  2025 2(1):11; https://doi.org/10.70425/rml.202501.11
Received: 24 December 2024 / Accepted: 9 January 2025 / Published Online: 12 February 2025
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Abstract

As multifunctional structures, deep rock underground structures are built all over the world. Their lifespan is generally expected to exceed a hundred years. However, they are inexorable to rock creep which controls their lasting safety and stability. This article describes the strong factors affecting rock creep and the lasting stability of deep rock engineering, based on pertinent research works. It shows that temperature, water content, hydraulic pressure, stress level, and damage are major factors that significantly affect the creep behavior of host rocks of deep underground structures. Overall, such factors govern the creep life of rocks. Specifically, the increase in these factors causes an increase in the creep strain rate, a shortening of the steady creep phase, an acceleration of the onset of tertiary creep, and thus a shortening of the time-to-failure of rocks. This is due in particular to the fact that fluctuations in these factors disintegrate the internal structure of the rocks and make them increasingly weakened. As a result, the mechanical properties of the rocks are altered and the creep process proceeds at a higher rate than expected. Hence, the creep life of surrounding rocks is reduced, which significantly limits the prolonged stability of underground structures. Appropriate countermeasures, such as long-term monitoring, are strongly recommended.

Keywords: Rock creep Major influencing factors of rock creep Deep underground structures Prolonged stability of deep underground structures;
Copyright: © 2025 by Frenelus and Peng. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) (Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
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ACS Style
Frenelus, W.; Peng, H. Effects of temperature, water content, hydraulic pressure, stress level and damage on rock creep and the prolonged stability of deep underground structures. Rock Mechanics Letters, 2025, 2, 11. https://doi.org/10.70425/rml.202501.11
AMA Style
Frenelus W, Peng H. Effects of temperature, water content, hydraulic pressure, stress level and damage on rock creep and the prolonged stability of deep underground structures. Rock Mechanics Letters; 2025, 2(1):11. https://doi.org/10.70425/rml.202501.11
Chicago/Turabian Style
Frenelus, Wadslin; Peng, Hui 2025. "Effects of temperature, water content, hydraulic pressure, stress level and damage on rock creep and the prolonged stability of deep underground structures" Rock Mechanics Letters 2, no.1:11. https://doi.org/10.70425/rml.202501.11
APA Style
Frenelus, W., & Peng, H. (2025). Effects of temperature, water content, hydraulic pressure, stress level and damage on rock creep and the prolonged stability of deep underground structures. Rock Mechanics Letters, 2(1), 11. https://doi.org/10.70425/rml.202501.11

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